Amazon Kindle Singles Review: Homo Evolutis

Homo Evolutis: Please Meet the Next Human Species

As a big fan of both TED: Ideas Worth Spreading and the Amazon Kindle, I immediately hopped online as soon as I heard about the Kindle Single Homo Evolutis by Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans. I immediately purchased this book, hoping to (at least partially) satisfy my lifelong fruitless wondering about the future of human evolution.

Homo Evolutis was a quick and highly entertaining read. The format, with different font sizes and indents, added a lot to the presentation of potentially tedious material. The facts presented were not just fascinating, but presented in an extremely excited way. The conclusions drawn in Homo Evolutis were a bit harder to buy.

Maybe this hypothesis would be more solid in a longer book format (which is on its way, hinted this Kindle Single) but I found this story/essay/presentation to be no different than any other emerging scientific work: it sees what it wants to see.

And there is nothing wrong with that. The ideas presented here are exciting to think about. There really are scientists working on creating microbes and DNA altering pills. Body modification (in every sense of the term) is becoming more prevalent and mainstream. As stated in the book, this is science, not science fiction.

However, a connection between these scientific advances and human speciation are not really fleshed out enough in Homo Evolutis. We’re given a brief history of evolution, along with a synopsis of some amazing scientific advances, but the fact remains that a solid connection between these two elements and evolution is still fairly weak.

The thought of a not-to-distant future hosting multiple humanoid species is not only incredibly appealing and exotic to many people, but also completely scientifically reasonable. After reading Homo Evolutis, I see this as a perfectly sane theory.

During the book’s overview of evolution, we are presented with the fact that it is the historical norm for multiple humanoid species to inhabit the earth at any given time, and that we are living in an unprecedented time where the earth only houses Homo Sapiens. From this fact, we can draw two conclusions. The first being a return to multiple humanoid species (as presented in Homo Evolutis). The second being a future with only one humanoid species (something brought us into this situation in the first place, right?)

Therefore, it is completely unknown what will happen next. Will scientific breakthroughs and body modification lead to speciation? Or will it serve to cement the existence or demise of a single humanoid species? While the book presents the former (without discounting the latter in any way) the evidence was not linked strongly enough to be completely convincing. Unless, of course, the scientific definition of “species” continues to evolve and begins to encompass many minor changes (mostly unseen) that are already happening today.

Either way, Homo Evolutis was worth every penny and is an extremely thought provoking read. I can’t wait for TED to continue releasing such quality material.

★ Permalink to Amazon Kindle Singles Review: Homo Evolutis

High School Urban Exploring Part 2

Desert Mountain High School

Continued from High School Urban Exploring Part 1.

(Any names used have been changed. Not necessarily to protect anyone’s identity, but just because I haven’t asked them if I could use their names.)

When Mike flashed me his keys and told me to follow him, I knew exactly what he wanted to show me. Like me, Mike was involved in theater, but helped out backstage rather than on the stage. He was involved with building sets, designing lighting, and—most importantly—managing sound design and microphones.

It was the keys to the sound booth that he had procured. The auditorium’s sound booth, which floated high above the seats in the back of the room, was accessible only by ascending a locked staircase, going up three flights of stairs, and braving an intricate maze of metal rafters. Without Mike’s unsupervised access to the keys, we wouldn’t have made it past the door.

We proceeded into the auditorium and through the locked door leading to the staircase to the sound booth. After leading me up one flight of stairs, Mike paused. In front of us was a door. A door I had never even noticed before in my prior travels through this stairwell (always previously escorted by a teacher or similar authority figure.) This door, always closed and locked, was now propped open. It stared back at us, ominously.

“Is the secret room through there?” I asked.

He didn’t say a word. There were muffled voices floating up through the stairwell entrance one floor down. We froze, waiting to see if anyone was coming into the stairwell, but the voices faded and again we stood in silence.

“Come on,” was all Mike said.

He opened the door and walked through, holding it open for me. I entered the mysterious room, making sure the door remained propped open. About six feet in width and ten feet in length, the dimly lit space was more of a short hallway than a room. Save for the door behind us and a door in front of us, propped open by a chair, it was completely empty. Mike swiftly walked forward and into the adjoining room, careful not to knock the chair from its important duty of retaining access to this room.

I followed him into what I could only assume was the central ventilation room for the entire auditorium. The loud buzz from a large air conditioning unit in the corner of the room blocked off all outside sound. If someone had noticed us and decided to follow, there would be no sound of footsteps or doors creaking. No forewarning.

In the middle of the dusty room was a large metal air ventilation shaft protruding at shoulder height from the left wall, curling upwards and exiting through the ceiling. I stood still, standing right by the entrance, admiring a space rarely seen by other students. I silently wondered if this was the legendary “Secret Room.” It was certainly tucked away enough, behind numerous locked doors. The perfect place to hang out and never been seen, minus an occasional janitor.

Mike wasted no time. He grabbed a chair from the corner of the room and propped it underneath the air ventilation shaft. Sitting on the chair, he looked up and began unscrewing an air vent on the bottom of the shaft. I watched curiously until one side swung down, providing access into the horizontal square vent. Standing on the chair, he hoisted himself inside. I watched his feet slowly rise and disappear.

I stood there a moment, wondering if I was really going to follow him. If we had been caught in this air ventilation room, we would have most likely been given a stern warning and sent on our way. But climbing through closed air vents brought this journey to a whole new level. I wasn’t a bad kid. Never big on the whole “breaking and entering” scene. But if the rumors had been true about climbing through air vents, what else was true? What did the Secret Room really look like? How many people got an opportunity to actually see it?

I climbed onto the chair, my torso entering the air vent. I looked around, but didn’t see Mike anywhere. To my left, about two feet away, the vent opened into a large dim room.

“This way,” Mike’s voice drifted in from the gap.

I climbed up and crawled on my stomach towards the opening. As I poked my head through, I saw Mike standing on a dirt floor, about three feet down. I wormed my way down and out and stood next to him.

What stood before me, about fifteen feet away, was a large, elevated, wooden room. Constructed like a house, it was supported by pillars of wood under the floorboards and each of the four corners. The roof of the room stood six feet above the constructed floor, with wooden planks creating four walls. Despite being obviously handmade, it had an extremely sturdy look. Whoever built this definitely knew what they were doing.

I walked up to the room’s front facade and ran my hand along the unpolished wood. The rumors had all been true. It was real.

Mike came up next to me, ducked down, and climbed in the space between the Secret Room’s bottom side and the dirt floor. I followed. He pulled out a flashlight from his back pocked (Mike always had a flashlight on him) and shined it at the floorboards above our heads until we caught sight of a round hole, two feet in diameter, cut into the wood. The entrance.

We climbed through one at a time and stood inside. In one corner sat a faded tan couch, its cotton padding and foam cushions pulling through tears in the fabric. While definitely no worse for wear than many of the friends’ couches I would posture myself upon in my upcoming college years, I had no desire to take a seat.

On the floor laid further proof that this room was previously inhabited. There was an empty coke can laying tipped over in front of the sofa’s right leg; a thin layer of dust just barely obscuring a can design that had been retired a few years prior. An old bag of potato chips, open, empty, laying next to us, telling a story neither of us could put into context.

“So, this is it. The Secret Room.”

“Yup.”

“Crazy.”

I stood for another moment, taking it all in. I wondered about the person or people who had actually built this room, and about its original purpose. Had it really been built by a group of ambitious students? If so, how long did they have access to the room before they were caught? Were they ever caught?

We exited the room, down through the hole in the floor, and made our way again to the expanse serving as the front yard. I looked up, just barely making out the edge of one of the metal rafters that created the pathway to the sound booth above the auditorium.

“That’s the other way to get to the Secret Room,” Mike explained. “You can just tie a rope ladder to the sides of the railings up there and climb down.”

I envisioned myself up on those rafters, looking at the auditorium floor thirty feet below through cheese grater holes in the metal under my feet. I imagined tying a rope to the railing and lifting myself over to start the descent.

“Fuck that.”

We retraced our steps, climbing up and back into the air conditioning vent that served as our exit. My heart began racing again. Had someone entered the ventilation room while we were exploring? The familiar hum of the air unit became louder and I realized there would be no way of knowing until we dropped back into the room.

Mike went first, dropping through the open air vent and disappearing. I paused a moment, waiting to hear angry, chastising voices followed by apologetic responses. But I heard nothing except for the loud constant whir of machined air. I dropped down and quickly looked up, finding the room empty except for Mike standing near the door, expectantly.

We quickly exited back into the stairwell, making sure both doors remained propped open behind us. Once in the stairwell, we parted ways; Mike climbing up the remaining two flights of stairs to head to the sound booth and me to the dressing rooms where I was already late for rehearsal.

I returned to the hidden room only a few more times that year, mostly to show a friend or to just stand there and marvel. The original story about the creation of that Secret Room no longer existed. Only legends and tales remained where once lived the true version of the story.

A few months later, the faculty would find out that students were visiting the Secret Room and close it off for good, replacing the screws in the air vent with bolts and shutting the doors. If anyone wanted access to that room again, they would have to obtain a thirty-foot rope ladder, secure it tightly to the railing outside the sound booth, and descend, in darkness, onto that barely-touched dirt floor.

Would any future students be as brave as the students of legend? Standing on the rafters, peering over the railing to the void below, I sure hoped not. That would be a long way to fall.

★ Permalink to High School Urban Exploring Part 2

High School Urban Exploring Part 1

Desert Mountain High School

(Any names used have been changed. Not necessarily to protect anyone’s identity, but just because I haven’t asked them if I could use their names.)

My high school, like so many others, was full of rumors and urban legends, from stories of haunted buildings to intricate senior pranks (that you always missed by only a few years).

At Desert Mountain High School, once you became involved in any club or organization that took advantage of the large auditorium, you began hearing hushed stories of a hidden Secret Room. Details of its exact location were always vague, but upperclassmen always swore that the room was real. I was first exposed to this legend when I overheard that just a few years back—it’s always a few years back—a student fell while trying to reach some secret room and broke his arm. According to the story, the paramedics had one hell of a time retrieving the kid, who had fallen down a 30-foot drop while attempting to descend the student crafted rope ladder needed to reach the nearly inaccessible room.

The details of the Secret Room varied depending on who was telling the story. It was supposedly discovered by a group of students who got their hands on the raw blueprints of our three-story, mile-long high school. After scrutinizing the floor plan, they were able to find a small area right next to the 2,000 person auditorium, that was left blank. An empty space. A void.

Air Vent

This group, of unknown number, had sneaked into the auditorium on some unknown date of some unknown year, and patiently hid until all faculty and other students had left for the night. Then, using the blueprints and a mysteriously obtained skeleton key, they began to circle in on the empty space marked by the map. They unbolted bolts, crawled through air vents, and opened doors never previously seen by students.

As the legend goes, they eventually stumbled upon the empty expanse. It was everything they could have hoped—an open area, a 40-foot ceiling, and a floor caked with dirt. It was the Holy Grail of high school discoveries.

This is where the real work started for our young heroes: Working diligently night after night, they carried wood and carpentry supplies into this empty space, building an actual room within its walls. The dirt floor outside served as a makeshift front yard, and the room was elevated five feet off the floor. It was large enough to fit five or six people comfortably when completed. They even managed to lower a couch down a thirty foot drop to make their retreat more comfortable. The students worked tirelessly to create the perfect hideout, and they succeeded.

Smoking

Back in the heyday of the Secret Room, these students would supposedly escape to their hideout during their lunch periods or to escape during a class they didn’t feel like taking on that particular day. They would drink, smoke cigarettes, fornicate, and perform other acts that delinquent students with access to a hidden room tend to gravitate towards. The possibilities were as limited as the imagination of the person telling me the story.

The tale of the final abandonment of the Secret Room splits into two versions. In the first version, one of the students was rappelling down the 30-foot rope ladder used to access the room when the cord snapped and he fell almost the entire length onto the dirt floor below. Hurt, and unable to climb back up, his friends had no choice but to get help. The Secret Room was discovered by authority figures, the kids were punished (severity unknown), and the entrance was bolted shut for good.

The second version is even less exciting, with the the students simply graduating, leaving behind the legend and the room. A couple years later, a student (just like you or me, they would always say) was searching for the room and fell the thirty feet to the dirt floor below. And, well, you know the rest.

I didn’t think much of the story for my first few years at Desert Mountain, instead filing it away along with the haunted science building and the students who led the cows up to the second floor of the building (who is going to believe that students in Scottsdale, Arizona not only have access to unsecured cows, but also to modes of cow transportation?)

I may have hoped it was true, but I didn’t believe it—until my friend Chris pulled me aside one day after school, flashed a set of keys, and told me to follow him.

Continued in Part 2.

★ Permalink to High School Urban Exploring Part 1

Herniations and Back Surgery

Sophie Ristelhueber

photo by Sophie Ristelhueber

I had back surgery at the ripe young age of twenty one. The back problems started when I was nineteen, seemingly out of nowhere. I still can’t pinpoint any event that could have triggered these issues.

The pain started as a sort of shooting soreness that ran down my leg whenever I stood up from a sitting position. After walking for a few minutes, the pain would subside. Over time the pain level and the amount of time the pain lasted increased to the point where I ended up with no where to go except the Emergency Room.

There was not much they could do, and the Emergency Room staff sent me home with a small script for painkillers and a referral to a back surgeon. At first the back surgeon and I thought it was sciatica, but an unsuccessful dose of steroids and an MRI later, it was discovered that I had a herniated disc pressing against my sciatic nerve.

I put off surgery for almost two years, clinging instead to Vicodin. It just wasn’t the right time in my life for surgery. And the pain, while annoying, was somehow bearable. (The doctor later told me that my herniation was so severe he was surprised I was even walking)

The scar on my back starts at around the bottom point on the photo above, and extends only about two inches upwards. Due to a post-operative infection, the scar tissue is slightly recessed rather than any sort of protrusion.

The doctor told me that there’s a fairly good chance that the same problem will happen again somewhere down the line. The first herniation occurred when I was so young, with seemingly no outside prompting or other health ailments. No reason why it wouldn’t randomly happen again.

All this picture makes me think of is vicodin.

★ Permalink to Herniations and Back Surgery